传染病总结一.docVIP

Communicable Disease传染病 第一章总论 （总结人：赵瑞毓） Infectious Disease:感染性疾病 it is a kind of human body infection, which is caused by pathogens ( virus、rickettsia立克次体、bacteria spirochete螺旋体、protozoa 原虫、worm) . include: communicable disease noncommunicable disease 2、Communicable Disease: 传染病The infection of microorganism ( virus, rickettsia,立克次体 bacteria etc.) and parasite寄生虫 ( protozoa, worm) can result in a disease which can be communicated to others. And this kind of disease can at last cause pandemics 流行under certain conditions. 3、Infection: 感染Parasitism寄生状态 of pathogens to humanbeings. 4、Commensalism:共生状态 A relative balance state present between the microorganism (or parasite) and the host that can make them stay together peacefully without any mutual相互的 injury. 5、Opportunistic infection:机会性感染 The damage to the host’s immunity and the alter of the parasitic site both can result in the break of the commensalism balance, that cause injury of the host, this kind of infection called opportunistic infection. 6、Infection type：Primary infection 首发 Re-infection重复 Co-infection 混合 Super infection重叠 7、Hospital acquired infection ( nosocomial infection)包括: cross infection交叉 endogenous infection内源性 iatrogenic infection 医源性 Infection Process：感染过程的表现 Clearance/elimination of pathogen清除病原体 Covert infection /subclinical infection隐形感染 Overt infection /clinical infection 显性感染 Carrier state 病原携带状态 Latent infection 潜伏性感染 9、Elimination of pathogen:清除病原体 不产生特异免疫 Defination:if the host has a non-specific or specific immunity,The invaded pathogen will be eliminated from the body, so the host has no any clinical manifestation. Cleared by: nonspecific immunity specific immunity ①active immunity ②passive immunity 10、Covert infection /subclinical infection:隐形感染 Defination: The reactions between the pathogen and the host are limited to a specific immune response, can not cause or can only ca