中国人之于西方刻板印象——在沪、津两地一项调查.pdfVIP

Abstract The Chinese have known the west for more than 1 60 years．During the past one and a half centuries．there appeared various answers to the question of what is the west．This pape5 based on the findings of a survey conduced in Shanghai and-rianjin，tries to find out how today’S Chinese people understand the west． According to the findings．the concept of‘~vesrI has at least three meanings in the average residents’understanding：a country which is(1)located in Europe or the Nodh America，(2)with a high-developed economy’and(3)has never been a socialist regime．In the eye of people in the mainland。only a country that meets all the three criteria can be seen as an indisputable western country． We also find that the most respondents consider the western society as having higher standard of living，more advanced scientific technology’more equal interpersonal relationship．and richer spiritual life．But on the other hand，they also think it to be with more distant interpersonal relationship，more willing to use military forces，more seriousness of violent crime．and more open relationship between sexes．As for the western people，the respondents tend to describe them as honeSt．civilized and enthusiastic，but at the same time highly self-aware and creature-comfort·seeking． At last．there is a comparison between the findings from the mainland and that frOm Taiwan．It shows that the Taiwanese have a considerably different idea of the west frOm the mainland． Key words：stereotype，west，western society，western people 中国人之于两方的刻板印象：在沪、津两市的一项调查 1 前言 一缘起 高中毕业之前，我曾在一个被江南丘陵包绕的城市中生活了12年。在这12 年中，就因为来自于一个上海人家庭，只要稍有不慎，我就会招来类似于此的评 论：精明、气量狭小、崇尚物质享受、看不起外地人，而实际上，我的行为举止 与那个城市中的多数人并没有太多的分别。 lO年前我回到了眼下这座城市。由于专业的关系，不久我就知道了此前遭 遇的是什么：刻板印象——任何一个群体都无法避免的对于异己群体的笼统而顽 固的看法。同时，因为12年的外地生活经历，我得以进一步领受另一种刻板印 象：老土、笨拙、贫穷以及主要以自惭形秽表现的不自信。这种刻板印象究竟是 限定式的指向我曾经生活过的那座城市中的居民，还是宽泛到可以用来作为对任 何外地人的印象概述，我不得而知。我只是渐渐对此安之若素，作为一个受过社 会学训练的个人，我懂得这种难以改变的印象对于当地人群维护自我认同的意 义。我很高兴我对于上海的贡献是从上海人的皮囊以下开始的。 或许正是这份与刻板印象的不解之缘，使我一直希望能有机会做一次关于刻 板印象的经验研究。之