天津大学生物化学课件lecture16biosynthesisrna.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 筛选出的可与ATP结合的RNA 核酸的生物合成小结 DNA复制：半保留复制，复制叉结构，半不连续合成，使用dNTP作为原料，需要引物；高精确性。 RNA合成（转录）：只有一条DNA链被转录，转录是有选择的，转录泡结构，使用NTP作为原料，不需要引物；出错率较高；有多种后加工过程 其他模式：酶RNA指导下的RNA合成，RNA指导下的DNA合成（逆转录），无模板的RNA合成 * * * * * * * * * Biobook#6p999 FIGURE 26–5 Typical E. coli promoters recognized by an RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing σ70. Sequences of the nontemplate strand are shown, read in the 5n3 direction, as is the convention for representations of this kind. The sequences vary from one promoter to the next, but comparisons of many promoters reveal similarities, particularly in the 10 and 35 regions. The sequence element UP (upstream promoter), not present in all E. coli promoters, is shown in the P1 promoter for the highly expressed rRNA gene rrnB. UP elements, generally occurring in the region between 40 and 60, strongly stimulate transcription at the promoters that contain them. The UP element in the rrnB P1 promoter encompasses the region between 38 and 59. The consensus sequence for E. coli promoters recognized by σ70 is shown second from the top. Spacer regions contain slightly variable numbers of nucleotides (N). Only the first nucleotide coding the RNA transcript (at position 1) is shown. 图26-5 典型的大肠杆菌启动因子，可以被含有σ70的RNA聚合酶全酶所识别。 非模板链的序列如所示，5’-〉3’的方向，这类传统的表示。序列从一个启动子到另一个是变化的，但是比较许多启动子揭示相似性，特别是在10到35区域。序列元件（上游启动子），并不出现在所有大肠杆菌启动子中，出现在高度表达的rRNA基因rrnB的P1启动子中。上游元件，总的来说出现在40到60的区域，极大地促进在含有它们的启动子上的转录。rrnB的P1启动子中的上游元件包括38到59的区域。对于σ70所能识别的大肠杆菌启动子来说，保留序列显示在从上数第二行。间隔区域含有数目稍有改变的核苷酸（N）。只有编码RNA转录的第一个核苷酸（在位置1）显示了。 Biobook#6p998 RNA Synthesis Begins at Promoters Initiation of RNA synthesis at random points in a DNA molecule would be an extraordinarily wasteful process. Instead, an RNA polymerase binds to specific sequences in the DNA called promoters, which direct the transcription of adjacent segments of DNA (genes). The sequences where RNA polymerases bind can be quite variable, and much research has focused on identifying t