被动语态及40道练习题.docVIP

A．主动语态及被动词态的形式与意义 下面两句话意思几乎相同： John speaks English English is spoken by John 在第一句中，动词speaks表示主语John是动作的执行者，这时就说它为主动语态（Active Voice）。第二句中的谓语 is spoken表示主语 English是动作的承受者，因此就说它处于被动语态（Passive Voice）。 当主动结构的句子变为被动结构的句子时，有3个成分受到影响：主动语态的动词（如speaks）成为被动语态的动词： be+过去分词（如is spoken）；主动结构中的宾语（如第一句中的English）成为被动结构中的主语（如第二句中的English）；主动结构中的主语（如第一句中的John）变成被动结构句子中by的宾语（如第二句中的John）。 下面是几对主动结构和被动结构的句子： 1．Columbus discovered America．（主动） 2．America was discovered by Columbus．（被动） 1．The cat has eaten the fish．（主动） 2．The fish has been eaten by the cat．（被动） 1．Some one of us will do it．（主动） 2．It will be done by some one of us．（被动） 不过，由于被动语态的主要作用是不提主动结构句子中的主语（其理由下面再谈），因此在变为被动结构之后，由by 引起的短语常不出现。例如，我们说 English is spoken in England．而不说 English is spoken in England by them 。 从以上所说看来，He teaches和 He is taught是不同的，而John murdered和John was murdered也是不同的。 Tense Subject Singular Plural Past participle Present The car/ cars is are designed Present perfect The car/ cars has been have been designed Past The car/ cars was were designed Past perfect The car/ cars had been had been designed Future The car/ cars will be will be designed Future perfect The car/ cars will have been will have been designed Present progressive The car/ cars is being are being designed Past progressive The car/ cars was being were being designed 主动语态变被动语态要注意的问题（见语法书，比较多） 1 感官动词和使役动词变被动后要把省略的to还原 但是let 的被动结构中不定式仍不带to They make him go there alone He was made to go there alone I saw him across the road He was seen to across the road They let John go John was let go 英语被动语态练习题附答案 ? ?1.____ a new library _____in our school last year???? A. Is，built?B. Was , built??C. Does ; build?D . Did ; build ?2.An accident ____ on this road last week.??? A. has been happened?B. was happened?C. is happened? D. happened ?3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.?牋 A. is grown牋B. are grown牋C. grows牋D. grow ?.So far, the moon ____ by man already.牋?A. is visited燘. will be visited燙. has been visited燚. was visited ?.A tal