chapter10 stress.ppt

Chapter 10 Stress Physiology Stress: Stress in physics is any force applied to an object. Stress in biology is any change in environmental conditions that might reduce or adversely change a plant’s growth or development. Such as freeze, chilling, heat, drought, flood, salty, pest and air pollution etc. Resistance: resistance is the ability adaptive or tolerant to stress. Resistance includes adaptation, avoidance and tolerance. Adaptation is permanent resistance to stress in morphology and structure, physiology and biochemistry under long-term stress condition. a well-developed aerenchyma in hydrophytes, a pattern for stomata movement in CAM plant. Lotus and its special tissue for adaptation to submerging condition Avoidance is a manner to avoid facing with stress using neither metabolic process nor energy. Very short-lifecycle plants in desert. Dormancy during the cool,hot, and drought conditions. Tolerance is a resistant reaction to reduce or repair injury with morphology , structure, physiology, biochemistry or molecular biology, when plant counters with stresses. Hardening is a gradual adaptation to stress when the plant is located in the stress condition. Section 1. Water stress in plant 1.1 Resistance of plant to drought Drought injure: Soil drought: no rain for long time and no-available water in the soil. Air drought: RH20% in atmosphere，transpirationwater absorption. If longer, soil drought occurs. Drought injury is actual injury in physiology. Metabolism relevant to water sensitive to range of water Inhibit (-) promotion (+) Symptoms in plant facing to drought：stun, red color in base，small cell and leaf area，leaf yellowish and abscission. Young leaves or/and reproductive organs wilt to death. 1.1.1 Mechanism of drought injure 1.1.1.1 Membrane damage. Like senescence, biomembrane changes in states, such as hexagonal phase and become leaked. (2)Photosynthesis decreases, while respiration rises after lowering Starvation to death. a.