有机化学Chap3Alkene(2013-1)答题.ppt

2 Ozonolysis: The reaction of alkene to ozone, in present of any of the reducers, give the products of carbonyl compounds. O3 ozonide Zn / H2O + ketone aldehyde reductive workup 3. Polymerization n CH2 CH2 —CH2–CH2—n press ? n CH CH2 —CH–CH2—n Cl Cl press ? 聚乙烯（PE） 聚氯乙烯（PVC） 聚偏二氯乙烯（PVDC） 聚甲基丙烯（PMP） 聚丙烯（PP） The sequence rules of the preferential groups: 1 Compare the atoms which connect with the double bond directly. The preferential one is the atom whose ordinal number is bigger. 2 If the first atoms in the substituent which con- nect with the double bond are the same, compare the latter atoms, and so on. 3 If the first atom connect with other atoms by double bond or triple bond, it can be looked as joining the atom by simple bond twice or three times. The preferential sequence of the familiar atoms and groups: I Br Cl F O N C H CH3 2CH CH3 2CHCH2 CH3CH2CH2CH2 CH3CH2CH2 CH3CH2 CH3 E - Z - compound A compound B Z -1-bromo-3-chloro-4-isopropyl-3-heptene Z -configuration higher priority groups on same side 3-ethyl-1,3-pentadiene 1-bromo-1,2-dichloropropene 3E - Z - 1,5-diphenyl-1,4-hexadiene 1Z,4E - In these isomers example, for which cis-trans notation was adequate, Z is equivalent to cis and E is equivalent to trans. cis-2-pentene Z-2-pentene trans- 3,4-dichloro-2-methyl-3-hexene E-3,4-dichloro-2-methyl-3-hexene Note: In most case, Z isomer means cis and E isomer means trans, but not always. 1-bromo-1,2-dichloropropene Z - 1-bromo-1,2-dichloropropene trans- Ⅳ. Chemical properties 1. Electrophilic addition reaction: H2 , cat. 1 Addition of hydrogen hydrogenation catalyst: Ni, Pd, Pt 2 Addition of halogens Br2 dibromide product ? - ? + ? complexes heterolysis Reaction mechanism: + ? + ? - ? + ? - nucleophile bromine dipoles （electrophilic addition reaction） dibromide + - bromide + brominated cation cyclic bromonium ion stereoselective reaction, anti-addition 3 Addition of hydrogen halide HX Additi