混凝土成层结构的流激振动特性.docVIP

混凝土成层结构的流激振动特性 　　摘要：泄流激励引起水工建筑物振动的现象时有发生且形式多样，严重的还可能引起结构的破坏。对于混凝土成层结构而言，由振动引起破坏的案例不多，对其振动响应机制的研究也不够深入。以混凝土拱坝为例，通过数值计算及模型试验对比分析了整体与成层两种不同结构在相同泄流荷载作用下结构的振动响应，探讨了响应与结构自身的关系，并结合“拍”的概念，对混凝土成层结构振动响应特性与泄流荷载之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明，成层结构频率相近的前两阶振动是拍振形成的主要原因。此外，即使不满足拍振形成的条件，振动曲线同样可以表现为“拍”的形式，且振动量较受迫振动大幅增加，实质为“水力共振”现象。 　　关键词：泄流激励；成层结构；响应机制；拍振；水力共振 　　中图分类号：TV65 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1672-1683（2015）03-0476-06 　　Abstract：Vibration of hydraulic structures caused by flood discharge excitation occurs frequently and has different forms，and serious vibration may lead to structural damage.Few cases of damage caused by vibration for layered concrete structures were presented，and the study of vibration response mechanism was not enough.In this paper，the vibration responses of concrete arch dam with two different structures，including a whole structure and a layered structure，under the same flow discharge conditions were investigated through the comparative analysis of numerical calculation and model test.The relationship between the structure and vibration response was analyzed.Furthermore，the relationship between the vibration response of layered concrete structure and flow discharge was studied in consideration of the beat concept.The results showed that the beat vibration is mainly caused by the first two bands of vibration with similar frequency.Although the conditions for the formation of beat vibration may not exist，the vibration curve can present the form of beat，and the vibration quantity is much large than that of the forced vibration，which indicated that this is actually the hydraulic resonance phenomenon. 　　Key words：flow discharge excitation；layered structure；response mechanism；beat vibration；hydraulic resonance 　　泄流诱发水工结构振动是一种复杂的流固相互作用现象[1]。在水利水电工程中，由泄流引起水工建筑物振动的现象时有发生，且形式多种多样。在复杂的水流激励荷载作用下还有可能引起结构的剧烈振动，甚至破坏。1982年对乌江渡水电站进行原型观测时发现左岸滑雪道式溢洪道右导墙存在强烈的“拍振”现象，墙顶铁栏杆振动剧烈，泄流量越大振动越明显。1978年8月进一步观测时发现，在闸门全开时，导墙的最大双倍振幅达3.1 mm，左导墙也出现了上下贯通缝。经过专门处理，工程才得以安全运行，但花费巨大[2-3]。 　　巨大的坝身泄洪量，几千万乃至上亿瓦的泄洪功率，给泄洪消