吸烟与疾病幻灯片.pptVIP

* Key Point Smoking increases the likelihood of developing lung cancer. Quitting smoking can lower this increased risk. Participants (noninstitutionalized civilians aged 25-74 years) in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1971-1975) were followed up for a median duration of 17.9 years and analyzed by Mannino et al. Subjects (N=5402) were analyzed using a proportional hazards model to determine the effect of smoking on the development of lung cancer. The mean smoke exposure of current and ex-smokers was comparable. Current smokers’ (defined as those smoking at the time of the initial survey) mean smoke exposure was 33.1 (SE: 0.7) pack/years, and the mean smoke exposure of ex-smokers was 33.3 (SE: 1.0) pack/years. Ex-smokers had quit 8.6 (SE: 0.3) years before the initial survey. Compared with a value of 1.0 for never smokers, the hazard ratio for development of lung cancer was 3.6 (95% CI, 1.7-7.8) for ex-smokers and 8.4 (95% CI, 4.4-16.0) for current smokers. Reference Mannino DM, Aguayo SM, Petty TL, Redd SC. Low lung function and incident lung cancer in the United States: data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Study. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:1475-1480. Slide * * Key Point The risk of developing lung cancer rises with increasing cigarette consumption. Mannino et al also determined the relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked and the risk of developing lung cancer. Pack/year was calculated by multiplying the average number of cigarettes smoked daily by the number of years smoked and dividing by 20. The hazard ratio for development of lung cancer compared with a value of 1.0 for never smokers, was 2.9 for those who smoked 30 pack/years, 9.0 for those who smoked 30 to 60 pack/years, and 19.9 for those who smoked 60 or more pack/years. Reference Mannino DM, Aguayo SM, Petty TL, Redd SC. Low lung function and incident lung cancer in the United States: data from the First National Health and Nutrition Exami