初高中衔接 句子成分.doc

初高中衔接语法 句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（_______词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（________词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（____________） Smoking does harm to the health.（__________） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的___________词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（_________从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为____________） 【总结】主语可由名词、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______和_______等表示。 （三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。动词的种类They eat a lot of potatoes. 系动词 Link Verbs (link v.) 本身有一定词义，但不能独立做谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。 His father is a teacher. Twins usually look the same. The teacher became angry. 助动词 Auxiliary 本身没有词义，不能独立做谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定、疑问、时态或者其他语法形式。 He doesn’t speak English. （否定） We are playing basketball. (进行时态) Do you have a brother? (疑问) 情态动词 Modal Verbs 本身有一定的意义，但不能独立做谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 You can keep them for two weeks. May I smoke here? We must go now. 谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（词）Is it yours? （_______词） The weather has turned cold.（_______词）The speech is exciting.（_______词） Three times seven is twenty one?（_______词）His job is to teach English.（_______） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（_______词） The machine must be out of order.（_______短语）Time is up. The class is over.（_______词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（_______从句） 【总结】表语一般由名词、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______及_______表示。（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：