介词和关系代词.docVIP

介词和关系代词 　　1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。 　　2）“that”前“Do you”作介词的宾语，且可以省略。例如： 　　（1）The school（that/which）he once studied in is very famous.“that/which”可以省略。 　　= The school i which hied is very famous.“which”不可省略。 　　（2）Tomorrow I will bring here 用，如：look for, look after, take care of等。 　　T This is the watch which/that I am looking for.（T=正确） 　　F This is the watch for which I am looking.（F=错误） 　　2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用“whom”，不可用“who”或者“that”；指物时用“which”，不能用“that”；关系代词是所有格时用“whose” 　　（1）The man with whom you talked is my friend.（T） 　　The man famous. 　　（2）I bought many books yesterday, three of which are written by Lu Xun. 关系代词 　　关系代词（一般情况下）“that”可用在从句做主语，谓动词的宾语，但是不能做介词的宾语。 　　“which”指物，在从句句中作主语； 　　“whom”在从句中作宾语； 　　“why”在从句中修语，先行词通常是“the reason”； 　　有时“why”也可用“for+which”代替。 　　例：A doctor who looks after peoples health. 　　主语 谓语 先行词 定语从句修饰先行词 判断介词和关系代词 　　方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：　This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.　 　　判断改错: 　　（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.　（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.　（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.　（对） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.　 　　例. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held? 　　A. where　B. that　C. on which　D. the one 　　,解析： 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。　 　　关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 　　先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（“where”地点状语，“when”时间状语，“why”原因状语）。 先行词和关系词 　　1）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（“Whoever”可以用“anyone who”代替） 　　2）The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. （“what”可以用“all that”代替） 　　但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了，是名词性从句。因为定语从句一定要有先行词，而名词性从句没有。将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后，才是定语从句，先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”。an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. 　　A. it　B. that　C. which　D.