Noise Feedback Coding Revisited： Refurbished Legacy Codecs and New Coding Models.docVIP

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2016-10-04 发布于北京
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Noise Feedback Coding Revisited： Refurbished Legacy Codecs and New Coding Models.doc

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Noise Feedback Coding Revisited： Refurbished Legacy Codecs and New Coding Models.doc

Noise Feedback Coding Revisited： Refurbished Legacy Codecs and New Coding Models 　　Abstract 　　Noise feedback coding （NFC） has attracted renewed interest with the recent standardization of backward-compatible enhancements for ITU-T G.711 and G.722. It has also been revisited with the emergence of proprietary speech codecs， such as BV16， BV32， and SILK， that have structures different from CELP coding. In this article， we review NFC and describe a novel coding technique that optimally shapes coding noise in embedded pulse-code modulation （PCM） and embedded adaptive differential PCM （ADPCM）. We describe how this new technique was incorporated into the recent ITU-T G.711.1， G.711 App. III， and G.722 Annex B （G.722B） speech-coding standards. 　　Keywords 　　speech coding； noise shaping； noise feedback coding； G.711； G.722 　　1 Introduction 　　Noise shaping is a key technique for improving sound quality in telecommunications and multimedia. Analog noise reduction systems relied on companding/expanding in frequency bands to reduce recording noise from magnetic tapes [1]. Pulse-code modulation （PCM） in ITU-T G.711 uses companding/expanding on the time domain magnitude to achieve a near-constant signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） over a large range of input levels [2]. Even if PCM does not involve any noise shaping in the frequency domain， it exploits the human perception of an audio signal on a log scale. 　　In this paper， we describe noise feedback coding （NFC）， a well-known noise shaping technique [3]-[5]， [6]， [7]. The goal of NFC is to modify the input signal of scalar quantization by feeding back the filtered coding noise. NFC was introduced to shape the spectrum of the quantization noise in sample-based waveform coders such as PCM coders. A similar principle is used in sigma-delta analog-to-digital 　　（A/D） converters， except that the filter is in the feedforward path [8] instead of the feedback path. NFC has attracted renewed interest with the recent standardization of backwar