被动 主谓一致.doc

初中英语专项语法讲解----主谓一致 一、主谓一致三原则 　　主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。 Tom is a good student.????汤姆是个好学生。 　　They often play football on the playground.???他们经常在操场上踢足球。 2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。?My family are having lunch now.???我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 ?Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. ?? 3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.??? 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 ? There is a pen and some books on the desk.??? 二、 主谓一致常考题型 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。? The desk is Tom’s.?????这张桌子是汤姆的。???Some water is in the bottle.????一些水在瓶子里。???　 The students are playing football on the playground.?? ? 2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。 Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 More than one student has ever been to Beijing.????不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： ? Two months is a long holiday.??两个月是一个长假。Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy.??2 0磅并不太重。 Ten miles isn’t a long distance.?? 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。????? Five minus four is one.????????? 5减4等于1。 5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。 　　Each boy and each girl has got a seat.????每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 　　Every man and every woman is at work.???每个男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 　 One and a half hours is enough.???一个半小时足够了。 7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To see is to believe????眼见为实。 　　Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。　 　 A student or two has failed the exam.????一两个学生考试不及格。 9. 当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。　　 Mike with his father has been to England.????迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football????迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 10. 由a