Design of Engineering Experiments Part 2 .pptVIP

DOX 5E Montgomery Design of Engineering ExperimentsPart 2 – Basic Statistical Concepts Simple comparative experiments The hypothesis testing framework The two-sample t-test Checking assumptions, validity Comparing more that two factor levels…the analysis of variance ANOVA decomposition of total variability Statistical testing analysis Checking assumptions, model validity Post-ANOVA testing of means Sample size determination Portland Cement Formulation Table 2-1, pp. 22 Graphical View of the DataDot Diagram, Fig. 2-1, pp. 22 Box Plots, Fig. 2-3, pp. 24 The Hypothesis Testing Framework Statistical hypothesis testing is a useful framework for many experimental situations Origins of the methodology date from the early 1900s We will use a procedure known as the two-sample t-test The Hypothesis Testing Framework Sampling from a normal distribution Statistical hypotheses: Estimation of Parameters Summary Statistics pg. 35 How the Two-Sample t-Test Works: How the Two-Sample t-Test Works: How the Two-Sample t-Test Works: Values of t0 that are near zero are consistent with the null hypothesis Values of t0 that are very different from zero are consistent with the alternative hypothesis t0 is a “distance” measure-how far apart the averages are expressed in standard deviation units Notice the interpretation of t0 as a signal-to-noise ratio The Two-Sample Pooled t-Test The Two-Sample Pooled t-Test So far, we haven’t really done any “statistics” We need an objective basis for deciding how large the test statistic t0 really is In 1908, W. S. Gosset derived the reference distribution for t0 … called the t distribution Tables of the t distribution - text, page 640 The Two-Sample Pooled t-Test A value of t0 between –2.101 and 2.101 is consistent with equality of means It is possible for the means to be equal and t0 to exceed either 2.101 or –2.101, but it would be a “rare event” … leads to the conclusion that the means are different Could also use the P-value appr