跨文化商务沟通习资料.doc

跨文化商务沟通复习资料 一．文化适应的四个维度P9 Dimensions of Acculturation Integration - persons become an integral part of the new culture while maintaining their cultural integrity Separation - individuals keep their culture and stay independent of the new culture Assimilation - persons are absorbed into their new culture and withdraw from their old culture Deculturation - individuals lose their original culture and do not accept the new culture 不作为考试重点 第三章 一．不同文化的人们对待女性，道德标准以及工作的态度不同P47~P56 ①Attitudes Toward Women： Influenced by cultural roots;U.S. women are supposed to have the same rights as men;Kenya women are considered subordinate to men;Gender differences in the U.S. workplace are de-emphasized - women are accepted at higher levels in government and in many companies；U.S. women have taken two-thirds of new jobs created; they are starting new businesses at twice the rate of men;In France, one-fifth of small businesses are owned by women; in Canada, the rate is one-third；The U.S. and Canada lead the world in the number of women in executive positions; Northern and Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand also have high numbers of women managers. Percentage of Women in Top Management Positions:The Russian Federation 42%，European Union 30%,Australia 23%,United Kingdom 21%,United States 20%,Japan 7%. ②Cultural Attitudes Toward Work: Work ethic - hard work is applauded and rewarded; not working is viewed negatively. U.S. persons value work; executives work -56 hours per week. -take 14 days of vacation a year. European persons work -36 to 41 hours per week. -take 4 to 6 weeks of vacation a year. Europeans:Relaxed;Vacation during month of August;Do not work weekends or holidays (The French take longer vacations than people of any other country.) Australians:Value free time; Value short work week Japanese :Work Monday through Friday, often 18 hours a day;Work until their boss leaves ③Attitudes Toward Ethics: Ethical behavior means acting with integrity, honesty, competence, respe