九年级英语语法项复习句子的种类.docVIP

语法专项复习句子的种类 　北京　尹立国　王　强 陈述句 陈述句就是用来陈述或说明某一事实或某种观点的句子，它包括肯定句和否定句两种。简单来说，肯定句就是肯定一个事实；否定句就是否定一个事实，句中常用not或一些否定词（如never,none,neither,nor,seldom,few,little,nothing,no等）来表示否定。 肯定句变为否定句时要注意以下两点： １.肯定句中有be动词、助动词或情态动词的，在这些词后面直接加not。 ２.句中只有实义动词作谓语的，要用助动词（do,does,did等）的适当形式，然后再加not。 ［中考传真］ １.There were many students in this school last year.（改为否定句） （２０１1重庆） Ｔhere many students in this school last year. 肯定句变为否定句的几种特殊情况: 英语中肯定句变为否定句通常情况下是在助动词be后加not，或借助于助动词dont,doesnt,didnt等，含有情态动词的句子直接在情态动词后加not。但以下八种情况应特别注意： 一、everyone（everybody），someone（somebody），something,everything等不定代词作肯定句的主语时，变为否定句时要把不定代词everyone（everybody），someone（somebody）改为not one或nobody；把不定代词something,everything改为nothing等形式构成否定句。 如：Ｓomeone is waiting at the bus station.→No one / Nobody is waiting at the bus station. Something is wrong with the machine.→Nothing is wrong with the machine. 二、both,all作肯定句的主语或定语时，变为否定句时应把both改为neither,all改为none。 如：Both knives are mine. →Ｎeither knife is mine. All of them will go to the park tomorrow.→None of them will go to the park tomorrow. 三、带有too,also的肯定句变为否定句时，应将too,also改为either,且放在句末；带有already的肯定句变为否定句时，应将already改为yet,且放在句末。 如：He is a doctor,too.→He isnt a doctor, either. She also works on the farm.→She doesnt work on the farm, either. Lily has already finished her homework.→Ｌily hasnt finished her homework yet. 四、由think, believe, suppose等动词引起的宾语从句变为否定句，要否定主句谓语动词，而不否定从句，我们称这种情况为“否定转移”。 如：I think she is right.→I dont think she is right. 五、含有had better,would rather的肯定句变为否定句时，通常将其看作一个情态动词，在其后加not。 如：You had better write in English.→You had better not write in English. They would rather give up the plan.→They would rather not give up the plan. 六、肯定句中有and连接的两个或两个以上的并列成分，变为否定句时应把and改为or。 如：Ｈe can speak English and Japanese.→He cant speak English or Japanese. 七、含有both...and...的肯定句变为否定句时，把both...and...改为neither...nor...。 如：Ｂoth Jim and Mike went to school this morning.→Neither Jim nor Mike went to school this morning. 八、含有a few, a little等的肯定句变为否定句时可将a few, a little改为表示否定意义的few, little。