IntroductiontoJPEG,MPEG12,andH.261H.263.ppt

Introduction to JPEG, MPEG 1/2, and H.261/H.263 Chuan-Yu Cho Outline Video/Image Compression Still Image Compression JPEG/ JPEG 2000 Joint Photographic Experts Group‘ Video Compression H.261, H.263, H.263+, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MPEG-7, MPEG-21. Still Image Coding JPEG, JPEG2000 Image/Video Redundancy Spatial redundancy Transform coding Encoder Decoder Block-Based Coding Why divide to blocks? Image-Blocks Example of JPEG Coding(Encoder) Example of JPEG Coding(decoder) Transform coding Encoder Decoder Transform Basis of Transform Basis vectors{v1,v2,…,vn} Orthogonal : (vi)·(vj) = 0 if i!=j Normalized : (vi)·(vi) = 1 Orthonormal : orthogonal and normalized eg. orthonormal : {(0,1),(1,0)} Orthogonal : {(1,1),(-1,1)} Why DCT is used for image compressing KLT(Karhunen-Loeve transform): Statistically optimal transform: minimal MSE for any specific bandwidth reduction KLT depends on the type of signal statistics No fast algorithm DCT approaches KLT for highly correlated signals: sample values typically vary slowly from point to point across an image =Highly correlated signals Fast algorithm(but not optimal) DCT-basis DCT :Discrete Cosine Transform Example of JPEG Coding(Encoder) Transform coding Encoder Decoder Quantization 目的：提高壓縮倍率 缺點：還原後的值會有誤差 原則：希望還原後的值，與原值差距較小 Quantization(con’t) DC term：Uniform quantization AC terms Example of JPEG Coding(Encoder) Example of JPEG Coding(Encoder) Transform coding Encoder Decoder Zigzag Scan 2D-1D Example of JPEG Coding(Encoder) Transform coding Encoder Decoder Entropy Coding(Variable-Length Coding) Huffman coding Run-length coding Arithmetic coding Huffman Coding 設法讓”出現次數最多”的字(word)，使用最短的代碼(code) DPCM : Differential PCM 若連續出現重複字(word)或相近字的機率很高，則coding”差值”會比個別coding每個字效果好 例如‘AAFFFFFCCC’ PCM =’65,65,70,70,70,70,70,67,67,67’or ‘0,0,5,5,5,5,5,2,2,2’ DPCM =’0,0,5,0,0,0,0,-3,0,0’ Run-Length Coding Video Coding MPEG I/II, H.261/H.263 Main Ideas of Still Image Coding (Intra Coding) Block-based coding Transform coding