fans and pumps.ppt

Contents Centrifugal Pumps Pump Arrangements Matching Pumps to Systems Centrifugal Pumps Centrifugal pump Most widely used in HVAC applications, e .g. Hot water systems Chilled water systems Condenser water systems Boiler feed and condensate return pumps Operation Electric motor’s output torque = impeller’s rotation Coupling to the pump shaft Centrifugal force tip speed force Centrifugal Pumps Types of centrifugal pumps Circulator pump Closed-couple end suction pump Frame-mounted end suction pump Base-mounted horizontal split case pump Vertical inline pump Vertical turbine single or multistage pump Centrifugal Pumps Variable speed pumps Less expensive nowadays Centrifugal pump characteristics Total pressure-capacity curve Flat curve: applied on closed piping systems with modulating valves Steep curve: usually for open piping systems (cooling towers), w/ high pressure, constant flow Family of pump performance curves Centrifugal Pumps System pressure characteristic curve Compared w/: fan-duct system characteristics System operating point: intersection of fan curve system curve Pump power (= flow x pressure) Pump input power (kW) Pump efficiency Matching pump to system curve Best efficiency point Centrifugal Pumps Similarity relationships Pump affinity laws (c.f. fan laws) Centrifugal Pumps Radial thrust Non-uniform pressure around impeller Greatest at shutoff Decreases from shutoff to design capacity Increase with overcapacity Net positive suction (NPS) Cavitation: vapour pockets form in impeller passages may cause damages Net positive suction required (NPSR) - pump Centrifugal Pumps Net positive suction available (NPSA) For the installation Total useful energy above the vapour pressure at the pump suction connection Affected by the location of expansion tank If NPSA Pump’s NPSR Cavitation, noise, inadequate pumping, etc. Avoid problem, NPSA NPSR Pump Arrangements Pump design criteria Design flow minimum system flow Pressure drop required for the most resis