提高作物水分利用的研究h.docVIP

提高作物水分利用的研究 Study on improving crop water use 干旱已成为我国甚至国际广阔粮食产区产值进步的重要制约要素，我国干旱和半干旱区面积约占疆土总面积的70%以上。研讨农田抗旱减灾及作物抗旱性对进步我国粮食产值具有重要意义。文章将从开展灌溉技能、改进农田水分环境、改进作物选育抗旱性强具有优秀农艺性状的种类使之习惯干旱环境条件，进步作物水分使用方面进行论述。 Drought has become the important restriction factor of our country and even international broad food production value of progress, Chinas arid and semi-arid area accounts for about 70% of total land area. Study of farmland drought resistance and drought resistance in crops is of great significance to the progress of Chinas grain output. This article from the irrigation development skills, improve water environment, improved varieties of crops breeding habits of strong drought resistance with excellent agronomic traits to drought conditions, crop water use of progress. 在耕种时如遇干旱可采用坐水种，可确保杂粮作物出苗和成长，能抗旱节水，坐水种具有简便易行，投资少，见效快等特色，是有用的节水增产技能。在农作物成长需水临界期，如遇干旱，及时喷灌、滴灌确保作物正常成长发育。喷灌具有不发作深层渗漏和地上径流的特色，地上湿润均匀，削减水分的丢失，进步灌水使用系数0.9 以上，对地势和土质适用性强。滴灌削减了水分与空气的触摸，削减水分蒸发，水分丢失较喷灌更少，但滴灌不易控制土壤水分简单构成水分散布不均，对地势和土质需求较高。 In the case of dry farming can be used by water, can ensure the emergence and growth of cereal crops, can sit for water-saving, water has the advantages of easy to operate, less investment, quick effect and other characteristics, is water saving skills useful. In the critical period of water requirement of crop growth, such as drought, irrigation, drip irrigation of crops in time to ensure the normal growth and development. Sprinkler irrigation has not attack deep percolation and runoff characteristics, the ground wet uniform, cut irrigation water loss, progress using coefficient is above 0.9, the terrain and soil adaptability. Drip irrigation cut touch moisture and air, reducing water evaporation, water loss is less but sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation is not easy to control soil water a water distribution is uneven, the terrain and soil of higher demand. 土壤结构改进是经过施用天然土壤改进剂（如腐殖酸类、纤维素类、沼渣等）和人工土壤改进剂（如聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯腈等）来推进土壤团粒的构成,改进土壤结构，进步肥力和固定表土，维护土壤耕层，避免水土流失。秋收后深耕土壤20 cm以上，能够