初中英語副词讲义.doc

初中英语副词讲义 定义 副词（adverb，简写为 adv.）是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或全句的词，说明时间、地点、 程度、方式等概念。 句法功能 副词在句中主要用作状语，表语补语，定语He works hard. （作状语） You speak English very well. （作状语） Food here is hardly to get. （作状语） Is she in ? （作表语） Let him out!（作补语） 常见的副词 时间和频度副词：now, then, often, always, usually, early, today, late, next, already, generally, frequently, seldom, ever, never, yet, soon, too, immediately, finally, shortly, before, ago, sometimes, yesterday, once, twice 2) 地点副here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on 方式副词carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly 程度much, little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly, hardly 5) 疑问副词how, when, where, why 6)关系副词when, where, why 7) 连接副词therefore, moreover, however, otherwise, then 四、修饰成分 ⑴ 修饰动词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式、频度等。一般位于动词之后，如果动词有宾语，则要位于宾语之后。 频度副词通常放在行为动词前，be动词、情态动词或助动词后面。 例如：The boy is always asking his parents for money. She never goes to the cinema. ⑵ 修饰形容词、副词、介词短语，一般前置，只有enough例外，需要后置。 例如：She seems quite happy. Youve done rather badly in the test. The wind was right in our faces. This girl is not old enough to go to school. He didnt run fast enough to catch the train. ⑶ 用作表语，多为与介词同形的副词和表示方位的副词。 例如：Is anybody in? Father is away. I am downstairs and my brother is upstairs. My friend is still abroad. ⑷ 少数表示地点或时间的副词还可用作定语，一般位于名词之后。 例如：I hope youll enjoy your stay here. 希望你在这里过得愉快。 I met a friend of mine on my way home. 在我回家的路上，我碰到一位朋友。 What did you think of the meeting yesterday? 你觉得昨天的会开得怎样？ 从形态上看，大多数副词都是由形容词＋后缀-ly构成的，例如：slowly, heavily, truly, terribly等。 形容词变副词： ① 在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly 　　 ② 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily