台湾e中正大学高分子流变学课件(第2章).pptVIP

* The number average and weight average molecular weights of the samples: Monodisperse, but with a tail in high M.W. (GPC results) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Chapter II  Mechanical Characterizations *Most of figures appearing in this file are taken from the textbook “Dynamics of Polymeric Liquids” (Vol. 1). For more details, you are referred to the textbook and references cited therein. §2-1 Rheometry Shear and Shearfree Flows Flow Geometries Viscometric Functions §2-2 Basic Vector/Tensor Manipulations Vector Operations Tensor Operations §2-3 Material Functions in Simple Shear Flows Steady Flows Unsteady Flows §2-4 Material Functions in Elongational Flows Topics in Each Section Two standard kinds of flows, shear and shearfree, are used to characterize polymeric liquids 2.1. Rheometry FIG. 3.1-1. Steady simple shear flow FIG. 3.1-2. Streamlines for elongational flow (b=0) (a) Shear (b) Shearfree Shear rate Elongation rate The Stress Tensor x y z Shear Flow Elongational Flow *See §2.2 Total stress tensor* Hydrostatic pressure forces Stress tensor Classification of Flow Geometries (a) Shear (b) Elongation Cone-and-Plate Concentric Cylinder Parallel Plates Capillary Moving Clamps Pressure Flow: Drag Flows: Typical Shear/Elongation Rate Range Concentration Regimes for Each Geometries Homogeneous deformation:* Nonhomogeneous deformation: Parallel Plates (a) Shear (b) Elongation Capillary Cone-and-Plate Concentric Cylinder Concentrated Regime Dilute Regime For Melts High-Viscosity Solutions Moving clamps *Stress and strain are independent of position throughout the sample Example: Concentric Cylinder FIG. Concentric cylinder viscometer (From p.188 of ref 3) Viscometric Functions Assumptions (homogeneous) Flow Instability in a Concentric Cylinder Viscometer for a Newtonian Liquid Laminar ? Secondary ? Turbulent Onset of Secondary Flow Turbulent Taylor vortices Ta (or Re) plays the central role! Rod Climbing is not a su