提高枣树坐措施解决落花落果问题.doc

提高枣树坐果措施解决落花落果问题 1枣树落花落果的原因 1 Chinese jujube fallen petal fruit drop 1.1枣树本身的特性 1.1 Chinese jujube characteristics of itself 枣树的花芽是当年分化、当年形成,花量大,使得营养消耗偏多。在枣树的年生长周期中,花芽分化、枝条生长、开花坐果及幼果发育几乎同时进行,物候期严重重叠,各器官间养分竞争激烈,营养生长和生殖生长的矛盾尖锐,致使枣树落花、落果严重。 Jujube flower bud is differentiation, the formation, spend large amount, makes the nutrition cost more. Annual growth cycle in Chinese jujube, flower bud differentiation, growth, flowering, fruit branches and young fruit development are almost at the same time, phenophase serious overlap, each organ between nutrient competition is intense, vegetative growth and reproductive growth of sharp contradictions, the jujube tree fallen petal, severe fruit drop. 1.2枣园的立地条件和管理水平 1.2 zaoyuan site conditions and management level 立地条件好、管理水平高、营养充足时枣树坐果率较高;光照不足,营养缺乏时落花落果严重。 Good site conditions, high management level, full of nutrition, jujube fruit rate is higher; When light is insufficient, nutritional deficiencies fallen petal fruit drop seriously. 1.3花期的气候条件 1.3 flowering of weather conditions 枣树开花需要一定的温度,最适温度为23~25℃,温度超过27℃、低于20℃则影响开花坐果。适宜湿度在70%~80%,空气过于干燥,相对湿度低于40%~50%,影响坐果。花期多风、高温会出现“焦花”现象,影响花粉发育。低温(20℃以下)和阴雨天气,会出现雨水浸花,柱头分泌物被冲淡或流失,使花粉发芽率降低。 Jujube flower needs certain temperature, the optimum temperature is 23 ~ 25 ℃, the temperature is over 27 ℃, 20 ℃ below the blossom fruit. Suitable humidity was 70% ~ 70%, and the air is too dry, the relative humidity is below 40% ~ 40%, and affect the fruit. Flowering more than wind, high temperature will appear JiaoHua phenomenon, affected pollen development. Under low temperature (20 ℃) and wet weather, there will be rain soaked, stigma secretions dilution or loss, lower the pollen germination rate. 2提高坐果率的措施 Two measures of increasing fruit-bearing rate 2.1提高树体营养水平 2.1 improve the nutrition level of trees 2.1.1加强土肥水管理。立地条件较好的平地枣园,在春旱时应及时浇水,并与土壤施肥结合进行。施肥数量因土壤肥力、树体大小、树势强弱而异。一般1kg果施基肥1.5~2.0kg。盛果期大树每株年施厩肥50kg、尿素0.5~1.0kg。适当施入磷钾肥。旱地枣园的水分管理主要是水保工程蓄水、覆盖地膜与中耕除草节