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Utilisation of biomass for sustainable fuels and chemicals: Molecules, methods and metrics Guo-Xian Yu School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University Introduction One of the great challenges that society faces in the 21st century Definition of sustainable development, meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs Among various sustainable energy options (solar, wind, geothermal) only biomass, is a source of carbon-based fuels and chemicals. Benefits: fossil fuels to renewable biomass A more stable and secure supply of feedstocks An environmentally beneficial reduction in the carbon footprint of chemicals and liquid fuels, and A more stable and profitable agricultural economy Interestingly, these three major drivers of the bio-based economy constitute the three pillars of sustainability: profitability, planet and people An additional benefit will be that many existing products will be substituted by alternatives that are inherently safer and have a reduced environmental footprint, for example, biocompatible and biodegradable polymers. First generation facing issue First generation : lactic acid and 1,3-propanediol are currently being produced from starch, sucrose and vegetable oils as feedstocks the availability of the latter is limited by the amount of fertile soil and the yield per hectare they compete, directly or indirectly, with food production, which is already effecting the price of food It is abundantly clear, therefore, that this is not a sustainable solution for the long term. it is widely acknowledged that the next generation of bio-based fuels and platform chemicals will utilise lignocellulosic biomass and inedible oilseed crops as feedstocks in integrated biorefineries More sustainable utilization of biomass In order to be sustainable, biomass utilisation will depend heavily on the successful deployment of innovative, green chemistry Green c
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