如何阅读文献2016.pptx

How to (seriously) read a scientific paper?Part I Some Tips How to read:Research PapersManualsReports (or Posters)BooksReasons to read a paper For learning – current research. – allows you to replicate/extend the results. – provides you with useful data. – gives you “pre-digested” thoughts.For writingReading “mechanics”Extensive reading – Jump around through the text.Intensive reading – Take notes save notes for future reference, dont just read it like a Harry Potter book.Types of papersExperimental – answer questions with experimental measurementsTheoretical – prove theorems – propose new theoriesSurvey/Review – review current results in a field of researchPaper organizationTitle author listAbstractIntroductionMaterials and Methods (experimental)ResultsDiscussion/ConclusionOpen problems Depending on the journal/ conference/ type of work, these can vary in content/ order. For example: Science and Nature…Title and author listTitle – what is this paper about?Author list – who did the work? where are they from? – try to remember the names: these people may become collaborators, colleagues, or bosses sometime in the future. – also useful when planning a postdoc or future job.Author list conventions – ranked: first author did most work or wrote the manuscript, last author (senior author) led the study.AbstractBrief outline of the results presented in the paperAbstracts usually contain four kinds of information:1.purpose or rationale of study (why they did it) 2. methodology (how they did it) 3. results (what they found) 4. conclusion (what it means)Note: from any paper you should at least read the title, author list, and abstract.Most scientists read the abstract first. Others—especially experts in the field—skip right from the title to the visuals because the visuals, in many cases, tell the reader what kinds of experiments were done and what results were obtained. You should probably begin reading a paper by reading the abstract carefully and noting the fo