Lecture Presentation - Protein Synthesis.pptVIP

Protein Synthesis From: Protein Data Bank PDB ID: 1A3N Tame, J., Vallone, B.: Deoxy Human Hemoglobin. 1998 Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids made up of chains of nucleotides Nucleotides consist of: A base A sugar (ribose) A phosphate Two types of nucleic acids in cells: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Adapted from: Bettelheim FA and March J (1990) Introduction to Organic and Biochemistry (International Edition). Philadelphia: Saunders College Publishing p383. Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids have primary and secondary structures DNA Double-stranded helix H-bonds between strands RNA 3 kinds (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA) All single strands H-bonds within strands From: Bettelheim FA and March J (1990) Introduction to Organic and Biochemistry (International Edition). Philadelphia: Saunders College Publishing p391 (Left panel) and 393 (Right panel). Complementarity of bases The different bases in the nucleotides which make up DNA and RNA are: Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine (DNA only) Uracil (RNA only) Chemical structure only allows bases to bind with specific other bases due to chemical structure From: Elliott WH Elliott DC. (1997) Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. New York: Oxford University Press. P245. DNA RNA Adenine Uracil** Thymine* Adenine Guanine Cytosine Cytosine Guanine Table showing complementarity of base pairs * Present only in DNA **Present only in RNA DNA DNA Located in 23 pairs of chromosomes in nucleus of cell DNA has two functions: Replication - reproduces itself when cell divides Information transmission via protein synthesis From: Tortora, GJ Grabowski SR (2000) Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (9th Ed). New York: John Wiley Sons. P86. DNA DNA contains genetic information Gene - segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a particular protein Coding contained in sequence of bases (on mRNA) which code for a particular amino acid (i.e. genetic code) Genetic code universal in all organisms Mitochondrial DNA slightly different From: Elliot