Revisingusefulstructures题材.ppt

Structures Revising useful structures --- Infinitives Exercise He discovered how ___________ the door. (open) 2. I found out where __________ fruit cheaply. (buy) 3. I didn’t know when __________ the machine off. (switch) 4. I showed her which button __________. (press) 5. She couldn’t think what _________.(say) to open to buy to switch to press to say 动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。 有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。 不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。 动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。 动词不定式的时态与语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing ---------- ---------- (1).They pretended not to see us. (2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before. (一般式表示与谓语动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后) (在谓语动作发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行) (完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前) (4).We’re happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式表示在谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续) 1. 作主语 2. 作宾语 3. 作宾语补足语 4. 作定语 5. 作状语 6. 作表语 7. 作独立成分 8. 与疑问词等连用 动词不定式的用法/功能 To see is to believe. It’s important to learn a foreign language. (1). 主语 不定式作主语时, 往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。 My job is to help the patient. Your task is to clean the classroom. (2). 表语 常跟在系动词后面作表语 I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. I found it necessary to talk to him again. (3) 宾语 think/ consider/ find it + adj. to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：ask, agree, afford, choose, decide, determine, expect, decide, hope, like, learn, offer, pretend, prefer, plan, want, wish, refuse, manage, 既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程； v-ing形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，如： Then I started to watch English-language TV. I’m beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. 注：begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。 后接动词不定式或v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接v-ing形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。 stop to do停下来做另外一件事 stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事 try to do尽力做 try doing试试看 go on t