让乡土音乐走进中小学音乐课堂.doc

让乡土音乐走进中小学音乐课堂 ——以弥渡县密祉乡为个案的研究 音乐舞蹈 指导教师 张宏伟副教授 摘 要: 目前民族民间音乐己受到社会各界的关注。国家教育部制订的《全日制义务教育音乐课程标准(实验稿)》明确提出,各地区应该因地制宜，在音乐课程中适当引用乡土教材。有专家指出，中小学的民族音乐教育也就是“乡土音乐教育”，主张“让每个孩子都会唱家乡的歌”。弥渡县密祉乡是“东方小夜曲”，——《小河淌水》的发源地，当地乡土音乐资源十分丰富。把这些丰富的音乐资源引入到中小学音乐课堂中，既有利于丰富中小学音乐教学内容，又有利于弘扬当地优秀的民族民间音乐文化，从而促进地方经济社会的发展。 关键词：音乐教育；乡土音乐；校本教材；师资培训；传承发展 On the Classroom Teaching of Local Music in Primary and Middle Schools --- A Case Study of Mizhi Township in Midu County Abstract: Nowadays, national and folk music has attracted more attention from all walks of society. The Full-time Compulsory Education Music Curriculum Standard (Trial Vesion), which was drawn up by the national Ministry of Education, clearly provides that local musical teaching materials should be properly adopted in music class according to the local conditions. Some experts also point out that the teaching of national and folk music is “local-color music education”, and so “every child should be taught to sing the native songs of his native place.” Mizhi Township, which is the birthplace of The Flowing River, a well-known “oriental serenade”, is quite abundant in local musical resources. The adoption of these valuable musical resources in the classroom musical teaching in primary and middle schools will help not only to enrich the content of music courses, but also to carry forward the excellent local musical culture as well as to promote the development of local economy and society. Key words: musical education; local-color music; school-chosen textbooks; teacher’s training; inheritance and development 引 言 云南是一个多民族的省份，这里居住着25个民族，民间音乐种类繁多，各民族音乐文化风格迥异。据不完全统计，云南省目前已经收集到的各民族的民歌、民族器乐曲共计2万多首，舞蹈6718套，戏曲曲牌2000多个，乐器200多种。［2］ 这是我省各族人民智慧的结晶，也是生活在这片热土上的各族儿女的巨大精神财富，我们应该加以保护和开发利用，使之为培养各族人民的优秀儿女发挥更大的作用。 文献综述 我国民族民间音乐资源丰富多彩，已受到社会各界的关注，在教育界也不例外。 在2002年国家教育部制订的《全日制义务教育音乐课程标准》(实验稿)中已明确指出地方和学校应结合当地民族文化传统，开发具有地区、民族和学校特色的课程资源。为中小学民族音乐教育指明了方向。1992年，由国家教育委员会制订颁布的《九年义务教育全日制初级中学音乐教学大纲(试用)》中也将弘扬民族音乐文化与乡土教材问题纳入实施大纲应注意的问题当中。体现了在中学音乐教育