定语从句2016.docxVIP

形容词性从句--定语从句Attributive Clause用来修饰名词、代词、句子等，在句中的作用相当于形容词，故称为形容词性从句。一、定语从句的定义：定语从句在句中做定语，在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。被修饰的名词,词组或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which，as等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。关系词有两个作用：1.引导定语从句。2.代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。理解和牢记这两条概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。　The girl is Mary. The girl is standing there. 合并为=The girlwho is standing thereis Mary.先行词关系词定语从句二、定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种：限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少，去掉它主句意思往往不明确。非限制性定语从句起补充、附带说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：　This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。三、限制性定语从句中关系词的选择：1）.首先分清主句和定语从句2）.确定定语从句的先行词3）.把先行词带回到定语从句中去,看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语,宾语,定语或状语）4）.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词,若在从句中做状语,则选择关系副词.☆关系代词1. 关系代词在句中作主语：一般规则是：先行词是人的名词或代词时，一般情况下是既可用who也可用that,不过在实践中在两种答案都有的情况下，优先选择who跟在人后引导定语从句的。先行词是事物的名词或代词时用which / that .大多用that较少用which，尤其在口语中如此。1.The man is a worker.2.The man（作主语）is speaking at the meeting.合并为=The man ____ is speaking at the meeting is a worker.1.This is a truck.2.The truck is made in China.合并为=This is a truck_____is made in China.2. 关系代词在句中作宾语:正式语体分别用whom指人,which指物。非正式语体用who / that指人,that指物。关系代词在句中作宾语一般可以省略The womanwhom they wanted to visit is a teacher.=分解：The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman. (作宾语)I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday.Where is the man whom/ who/ that/可省略 I saw this morning?Where is the book which/that/可省略I bought this morning?2’关系代词在句中作介词的补足成分（即介词的宾语）1). 当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用which代物，whom代人。且关系代词一律不能省略。如：I want to find the pen with which I wrote that letter.Li Hua is a man for whom I have the greatest respect. This is the house in which I have ever lived.2).介词在末尾时，可用that/whom（代人），that/which（代物）做介词的宾语，且这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。如：They are the boys whom/who/that/可省略I want to school with.The library that / which /可省略you are referring to is now closed.注意：以下几个词组介词不能前置look for ,look after, look forward to ,take care of在选择关系词时依然用whom/ who /t