高电压技术作者吴广宁第九章9.3课件.pptVIP

9.3 切除空载变压器过电压 9.3 Removal of no-load transformer over-voltage 正常运行时,空载变压器表现为一励磁电感。切除空载变压器就是开断一个小容量电感负荷，会在变压器和断路器上出现很高的过电压。开断并联电抗器、电动机等，也属于切断感性小电流的情况。 During the normal operation, no-load transformer acts as an excitation inductor. Removal of no-load transformer is breaking a small-capacity inductance load, and a high over-voltage will appear on transformers and circuit breakers. Breaking shunt reactor, motor, are also belong to the situation of cutting off a small emotional current. 9.3.1 发展过程 9.3.1 Development 9.3.2 影响因素与限制措施 9.3.2 Influencing factors and restrictive measures 本节内容 Contents in this section 变压器和断路器上出现过电压的原因是变压器的空载电流过零前就被断路器强制熄弧而切断，导致全部电磁能量转化为电场能量而使电压升高。 The reason why over-voltage appears on transformer and circuit breaker is that before transformer no-load current crosses zero, it has been shut off by circuit breaker’ mandatory extinction. All the electromagnetic energy is changing into electric energy which increases voltage. 9.3.1 发展过程 9.3.1 Development 研究表明：切断100A以上的交流电流时，开关触头间的电弧通常是在工频电流自然过零时熄灭的；当所切除的电流很小时（变压器的空载电流非常小，只有几安到几十安），电弧往往提前熄灭，亦即电流会在过零之前就被强行切断，即所谓的截流现象。 It is demonstrated that when cutting off current is more than 100A AC , the arc usually extinguishes when frequency current is over zero naturally between contacts . When the current to be removed is very small (the transformer no-load current is very small, only a few AN to scores AN), the arc often extinguishes beforehand. That is to say the currents will be forcibly cut off before they are over zero, that is, the phenomenon of the so-called closure. 可用图9-8所示的简化等值电路来说明这种过电压的发展过程。图中 为变压器的激磁电感， 为变压器绕组及连接线的对地电容。 Figure 9-8 shows the simplified equivalent circuit to illustrate the development of over-voltage. In the figure for the transformer magnetizing inductance, for the transformer winding and connecting the line-to-ground capacitance. 图 9-8 切除空载变压器的理想等值电路 Fig 9-8 The ideal equivalent