第三章水资源管理要点.ppt

城市水资源规划与评价 URBAN WATER PLANNING AND ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3WATER GOVERNANCE 3.1 Introduction Traditional urban water management Unsustainable Ecologically sustainable development Challenges: development and implementation of alternative approaches. Challenges of traditional urban water management New dams: no longer possible in urban areas. Environmental flows reinstatement streams and estuaries. Stormwater and sewage Higher treatment standards for discharges. are potentially resources Water infrastructure systems New ones: to expanding outer suburbs. Existing ones: Aging, maintaining, rebuilding. Advanced technology for localization Efficient drainage systems Urbanization affects groundwater processes 3.2 WATER GOVERNANCE Governance Stakeholders: articulate their interests; absorbe their input; Decisions: taken and implemented; decision makers are held accountable. Governments Public participation The current goal Further global understanding, techniques, and approaches for the integration of public participation and improvement of water management. Eg Governments High priority: ensuring access to clean water Common problem: growing water crisis. Manage water: efficient, equitable, and environmentally sound. Governments as regional water managers 1) Gather early participation: realize water initiatives. 2) Involve other segments of society, including vulnerability to water limitations. 我国的取水许可和总量控制管理 长江流域取水许可总量控制指标方案 黄河取水许可总量控制指标细化方案 松辽流域取水许可总量控制指标方案 甘肃省三大流域的取水许可总量控制指标体系 存在的问题 相关法规保障效力不够 流域管理与行政区域管理事权划分不清晰，且缺乏有效协调机制 取水许可审批总量难以控制 取用水统计制度不健全 缺乏有效监督管理 相关法规保障效力不够 取水许可管理相关法规条例修改工作相对滞后，法规保障效力不够，可操作性不强 许多工作仍停留在登记、发证等表象工作上，对取水许可管理中出现的违规违纪行为缺少必要的行政处罚措施和手段 地方保护主义的影响， 使无证取水、越权发证、超计划用水、拒不接受监督检查的情况缺乏有效制约，直接影响总量控制管理工作的深入开展 管理事权划分不清晰 流域管理与区域管理的界限不够清晰 在具体事件的处理上，哪些事情需要流域机构或地方政府来管？管到何种程度？通过何种方式来管，双方往往各执一词，较难达成一致 水资源利用管理的民主协商机制尚未形成 管理过程中相关用水户的参与力度不大，相互之间缺乏及时有效地沟通，导致管理效率较低 取水许可审批总量难以控制 北方地区 用水主要以耗水为主，采用何种指标进行定量控制难以明确，实际用水过程也难以监控 南方地区 水网关系复杂，河流进出水量测量和计量困难，导致取用水总量控制的监控技术难度大