Ch 14 Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Las Positas CH 14脊髓和脊神经的Las Positas.ppt

Ch 14: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Resides inside vertebral canal Extends to L1/ L2 31 segments, each associated with a pair of dorsal root ganglia Two enlargements 1. Cervical Enlargement Spinal Meninges Inferior End of Spinal Cord Conus medullaris - inferior end of spinal cord proper Cauda equina - individual spinal nerves within spinal canal Filum terminale - filamentous end of meninges, tie-down Lumbar Puncture (= Spinal Tap) Organization of Cord Cross Section Gray matter - interior horns posterior - somatic and visceral sensory nuclei anterior (and lateral) gray horns – somatic and visceral motor control gray commissures - axons carrying information from side to side White matter - tracts or columns posterior white column - anterior white column lateral white column anterior white commissure functions ascending tracts - sensory toward brain descending tracts - motor from brain Peripheral Nerves Anatomy of a Peripheral nerve Organization of Spinal Nerves: 1. Root – inside vertebral canal a. dorsal sensory root with a ganglion b. ventral motor 2. Mixed spinal nerve 3. Rami a. dorsal - mixed to skin and muscles of back b. ventral - mixed “spinal nerve” to ventrolateral body surfaces and limbs c. white ramus communicans motor ANS d. gray ramus communicans motor ANS Dermatomes Sensory innervations by specific spinal nerves ? Each pair of spinal nerves monitors specific region of body surface. Clinical significance ? 4 Principal Plexuses Brachial Plexus Reflexes Fast, stereotypical, inborn, protective actions Occur at spinal cord or brainstem levels May be either monosynaptic or polysynaptic All require a. stimulus at receptor b. sensory information relay c. processing at CNS level d. activation of motor response e. response of peripheral effector Shingles Varicella-zoster virus ( of the herpes family) In dorsal root ganglia and cranial nerves Initial infection: chicken pox Explain spinal cord anatomy, including