Ch 21 Protists and Fungi TIESCH 21原生生物和真菌之间的关系.ppt

Both bacteria and fungi are decomposers. What characteristics do these two groups share that allow them to function in this ecological role- you may want to use information from 21.2 CH 21 PROTISTS AND FUNGI 21.4 Fungi What Are Fungi Heterotrophic eukaryotes with cell walls that contain chitin Produce enzymes that digest food outside their bodies Absorb the small molecules released by the enzymes Can be decomposer or parasite. Structure and Function Hyphae Long, slender branching filaments 1-2 nuclei Openings in cross walls allow for cytoplasm movement. Fruiting body Reproductive structure of the fungus What we call the mushroom Mycelium Mass of branching hyphae below the soil that fruiting body grows from Often has many mushrooms. Reproduction Asexually Releasing spores that travel through air and water Breaking off a hypha or budding off a cell. Most can also use sexual reproduction. One mating type is called “+” (plus) and the other “–” (minus) Think male and female for people Hyphae of opposite mating types fuse together. The + and – nuclei form pairs that divide Many paired nuclei fuse to form diploid zygotes within zygospore. Zygospore germinates and a sporangium emerges Sporangium reproduces asexually, releasing haploid spores produced by meiosis. Parasitic fungi cause diseases that threaten food crops Others affect animals Athletes foot Yeast infections Lichens Mutualistic relationship between fungus and a photosynthetic organism (green alga or cyanobacterium) Grow where few other organisms can Green algae or cyanobacteria provide energy, fungus provides water and minerals and structure Often pioneer species. Mycorrhizae Mutualistic relationships with fungi and plant roots Hyphae collect water and minerals Also release enzymes that free nutrients in the soil Plant roots provide energy 80 to 90 percent of all plant species form this relationship. By what percent is the mycorrhizae lemon tree taller than the non mycorrhizae lemon tree Make a generaliz