Chiral and Achiral Crystal Structures CCP14 Homepage手性和非手性晶体结构ccp14主页.ppt

Chirality and Achirality in Crystal Structures H. D. Flack and G. Bernardinelli University of Geneva, Switzerland Hans Erni’s drawing Kelvin’s definition of chirality Lord Kelvin Modern definitions of Chirality Optical activity in crystals and molecules Useful terms Crystal structures formed from chiral and achiral molecules Crystal structures formed from chiral and achiral molecules Crystal structures formed from chiral and achiral molecules Crystal structures formed from chiral and achiral molecules Crystal structures formed from chiral and achiral molecules Crystal structures formed from chiral and achiral molecules Crystal structures formed from chiral and achiral molecules (?) o-tyrosine Crystal structures formed from chiral and achiral molecules Idealized binary phase diagrams for enantiomeric mixtures Conglomerate - phase diagram Racemic structure formation – phase diagram ?-(1-naphthoxy) propionic acid ?-(1-naphthyl) propionic acid m-fluoromandelic acid m-chlorophenyl hydracylic acid Free energy vs temperature Solid solution formation Methyprylon Methyprylon 3D Crossing isodimorphism with two minima Melting point diagram of methyprylon Methyprylon cell dimensions and optical activity Solid solution formation Frederic Stanley Kipping 1863 - 1949 Hexahelicene Characterisation of enantiomers for absolute configuration determination Optical activity CD spectrum (circular dichroism) Enantioselective (chiral) chromatography E. P. Kündig, M. Kondratenko, F. Robvieux, G. Bernardinelli, (2003). Organometallics, 22, - E. P. Kündig, M. Kondratenko, F. Robvieux, G. Bernardinelli, (2003). Organometallics, 22, - P. Müller, D. Riegert, G. Bernardinelli, (2003). Helv. Chim. Acta 86, - Anti-wurtzite Anti-wurtzite Model for Flack parameter: C = (1-x) X + x?X . The macroscopic crystal C is treated as a mixture of an oriented crystal structure X and its inverted structure?X in variable proportion. Point group 6mm contains symmetry operations of the second kind, e.g. m.