Clinical Psychology University of Texas at Austin临床心理学德克萨斯大学奥斯丁.ppt

Introduction to Psychology Class 20: Psychological Disorders and their Treatment Myers: 486-502, 516-535 August 2nd, 2006 Mood Disorders Unipolar: Depression Bipolar: Alternating depression and mania Major Depressive Disorder Depression is the “common cold” of all psychological disorders Situational depression is healthy Major depression: Women Men 5-10% in the US Suicidal ideation and attempts Strong genetic influence Biological: norepinephrine and serotonin Bipolar Disorder Mania: Hyperactive ,wildly optimistic state Bipolar Disorder: person alternates between mania and depression (“Manic-depressive”) Creativity and Bipolar Disorder Schizophrenia “Split mind” Disorganized thinking: delusions, word salad Disturbed perception: hallucinations Inappropriate emotions and actions: flat affect Positive and negative symptoms Subtypes of Schizophrenia Paranoid: Preoccupation with delusions and hallucinations Catatonic: Waxy flexibility, parrot-like repetition Disorganized: speech or behavior, flat affect, inappropriate emotion Undifferentiated: Many and varied symptoms Causes of Schizophrenia Dopamine over-activity: excess D4 receptors Brain anatomy: frontal lobes, thalamus Maternal flu virus mid-pregnancy Strong genetic influence: 1 in 10 chance for twins raised together or apart Incidence Alcohol abuse 24% 5% GAD 2% 5% Phobias 10% 18% OCD 2% 3% Mood Disorders 5% 10% Schizophrenia 1% 2% Anti-social PD 5% 1% Humanistic Therapies Carl Rogers’ client-centered therapy Features: ”Active listening” Genuine, empathic, accepting environment Clients’ self-actualization Behavioral Therapy Applying learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors Aversive conditioning Systematic desensitization Token economy Cognitive Therapy Aaron Beck and depression Changing self-defeating thinking and behavior By learning more adaptive ways of thinking and acting Bio-medical Therapies Electroconvulsive Therapy Pharmacotherapy (from the hand-out) *