smart power.doc

Smart power From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In?international relations, the term?smart power?refers to the combination of?hard power?and?soft power?strategies. It is defined by the?Center for Strategic and International Studies?as an approach that underscores the necessity of a strong military, but also invests heavily in alliances, partnerships, and institutions of all levels to expand American influence and establish legitimacy of American action.[1] Joseph Nye, former Assistant Secretary of Defense under the Clinton Administration and author of several books on smart power strategy, suggests that the most effective strategies in foreign policy today require a mix of hard and soft power resources. Employing only hard power or only soft power in a given situation will usually prove inadequate.[2]?Nye utilizes the example of?terrorism, arguing that combatting terrorism demands smart power strategy. He advises that simply utilizing soft power resources to change the hearts and minds of the Taliban government would be ineffective and requires a hard power component. In developing relationships with the mainstream Muslim world, however, soft power resources are necessary and the use of hard power would have damaging effects. According to?Chester A. Crocker, smart power involves the strategic use of diplomacy, persuasion, capacity building, and the projection of power and influence in ways that are cost-effective and have political and social legitimacy?– essentially the engagement of both military force and all forms of diplomacy.[3] Origin[edit] The origin of the term smart power is under debate and has been attributed to both?Suzanne Nossel?and?Joseph Nye. Suzanne Nossel, Deputy to Ambassador Holbrooke at the United Nations during the Clinton administration, is credited with coining the term in an article in?Foreign Affairs?entitled, Smart Power: Reclaiming Liberal Internationalism, in 2004.[4] Joseph Nye, however, claims that smart power is a term he introdu