专八语言学试题【答案版本】.docVIP

F. de. Saussure is a (n) __________linguist. A. American B. British C. Swiss D. Russian Swiss linguist. The founder of structural linguistics, he declared that there is only an arbitrary relationship between a linguistic sign and that which it signifies. The posthumously published collection of his lectures,Course in General Linguistics (1916), is a seminal work of modern linguistics. 索绪尔，费迪南德·德：(1857-1913) 瑞士语言学家，结构主义语言的创始人，他声称在语言符号和其所指含义之间仅有一种模糊的关系。他死后，他的讲演集出版为《普通语言学教程》 （1916年），是现代语言学的开山之作 N. Chomsky is a(n) ______linguist. Canadian B. American C. French D. Swiss American linguist who revolutionized the study of language with his theory of generative grammar, set forth inSyntactic Structures (1957). 乔姆斯基，诺阿姆：(生于 1928) 美国语言学家，他在《句法结构》 （1957年）一书中所阐述的关于生成语法的理论曾使语言学研究发生突破性进展 ___________is the study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. Phonology B. Lexicography 词典编纂 C. lexicology词典学 D. Morphology词态 词态学 音位学研究的是一种语言的整个语音系统及其分布，包括某一特定语言里的语音和音位分部和结合的规律。 Which of the linguistic items below is best described as the smallest unit of meaning? The word B. The morpheme 词素C. The phoneme 音素 D. The clause 词素是语言中最小的有意义的单位。Word是单独出现在口语或者文字中的最小语言单位。音素是最小的语音单位，可以表达意义上的区别。 The morpheme “cast” in the common word “telecast” is a(n)______. Bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme自由语素，可单独作为词使用的词素。 B 粘着语素，不能单独使用，只能与另一个语素连用。 C屈折语素，表示数、人称、格等的变化。 The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called_________. Semantics 语义学 B. pragmatics 语用学，研究语言在交际中的运用，尤其是句子在使用时与上下文和情景之间的关系。 C. sociolinguistics D. psycholinguistics According to Krashen, __________refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. Learning B. competence C. performance D. acquisition 习得是指通过接触语言来学习语言，无意识的逐渐张掌握语