研究生英语多维教程课后翻译(全).docVIP

Unit one Translation and Writing A In the past, when explorers or merchants went out into the world to find new lands or markets or sources of raw materials, they often did not share a language with the people with whom they came into contact. When this situation was encountered, one of three solutions was adopted: (1) the foreigners learned the language of their host (or vice versa), (2) they used some third language commonly employed in the region for trading purposes, or (3) a new language emerged, made up of elements from the various native languages of its users. Language that are used for communication among speakers of different language used in the Mediterranean region and based largely on Romance languages (Italian, French, and Spanish) but also containing elements of Greek, Arabic, and Turkish. In the modern world, it is fair to say that English is the most important lingua franca, since it is used as a means of communication between large numbers of people who do not otherwise share a common language. 在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。遇到这种情况时，他们一般采取以下三种方法之一来对付，吕口：(1)外来人学习说当地主人的语言(或反之)，(2)他们使用当地作为贸易用的第三种语言，或(3)产生一种新的语言——这种语言是由使用者的不同母语的一些成分合成的。在说不同语言的人群中用来作为他们共同的交际工具的语言叫混合语(交际语)。这个名称是由在地中海地区使用的中世纪时的贸易语言派生而来的。这种贸易语言主要基于日耳曼语(意大利语、法语和西班牙语)，但也包括了一些希腊语、阿拉伯语和土耳其语的成分。在当今世界，将英语称为最主要的交际语是合适的，因为英语是大部分说不同语言的人的交际工具。 B 1,有一种理论，把对目的语（target language）的敏感性视作语言学习中重要的因素之一。（refer to...as） One theory refers to the sensitivity of target language as being one of the most important elements of language learning. 2,为帮助学生学习英语，图书馆已决定将英语电影原版电影出租给他们。(lease) In order to help students study their English, library has decided to lease English films in the original to them. 3，一到周末，如果有一家商店贴出减价广告，其他许多商店，无论大小，都会跟着贴出更多的大减价的招贴。(come up with) On weekends, if one shop put up discount advertisement, other shops, big or small, will come up with more discount notices. 4，当某一语言中的一些不符合语法的表达方式流行于社会时，这些表达方式往往会逐渐地被公众所接受。(prevalent) When ungrammatical expressions of a langua