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c11 c o s t s mc graw 山教育（ c11 c o a s t s- mc graw hill education）.doc

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c11 c o s t s mc graw 山教育（ c11 c o a s t s- mc graw hill education）

CHAPTER 11 COASTS, BEACHES, AND ESTUARIES Objectives 1. To acquaint you with the variety of coastal areas bounding the world’s oceans, the different types and styles of coasts, and a generalized coastal classification based on processes. 2. To describe the anatomy and components of an active beach, the types of beaches, and an overview of the dynamic processes that occur on beaches daily and seasonally. 3. To examine a select group of beaches and coastal zones in detail. 4. To introduce you to the unique regions of the earth where freshwater environs and marine waters intimately interact to form some of the most beautiful and biologically productive areas on our planet. 5. To describe the dynamics of these estuarine systems in terms of water movements and balances, residence and flushing times, and to specifically look at temperate zone estuaries. Key Concepts Major Concept (I) Coastlines are boundaries where land and sea intermingle and intimately interact, one of the most dynamic regions of our planet. Related or supporting concepts: - The coastal zone includes open coasts and bays and estuaries, i.e., a coastal zone is both land and water. - The shore is the area from the outer limit of wave action on the bottom, seaward of the lowest tidal reaches, to the limit of the waves’ direct influence on the land. - The beach is an accumulation of sediment (commonly coarser grain sizes such as sands and gravels) that occupy a portion of the shoreline, commonly up to the high tide levels. - Beach areas are not static, and sediments shift and move along, in, and out of beach or shoreline areas constantly. - Coasts are classified as being either erosional or depositional depending on whether they predominantly lose or gain sediment. - Most coasts along the eastern United States are passive coasts and are considered depositional. - Most coasts along the western United States are active coasts and are considered erosional. Major Concept (II) All coastal a