d a y3– lakesand ocean circulation（d y3–湖泊和海洋环流）.docVIP

Lake and Ocean Circulation Prof. Tina M. Niemi UMKC –Geosciences July 18-20, 2007  Lesson #1 - Sampling on a Lake Materials Needed: Map Van Dorn water sampler sample bottles marker GPS units Hach dissolved oxygen kit thermometer pH meter conductivity meter 5-in1 Test strips Nitrate/nitrites test strips For these two lessons, we will meet at the Gopher Lake parking lot at James A. Reed Memorial Wildlife Area in Lee’s Summit, MO. The purpose of this field trip is to investigate the stratification of a lake, the changes in water chemistry and temperature with depth, and explore the implications of these differences on water circulation and aquatic life. We will utilize the boats provided by the park and a Van Dorn-type water sampler to collect the lake water at various water depths. The water samples will be collected in bottles. Once onshore, we will use the test kits to determine various chemical properties of the water. The figure below shows the technique for sampling lake water at various depths from a boat. Source: /info/lacs/hohsamp.htm Measuring layers in a lake Quoted from the U.S. Geological Survey (/info/lacs/hohsamp.htm) “Lake and ocean waters tend to form density layers based on differences in temperature, salinity and amount of suspended particles in the water. Layers of different density dont mix unless an outside force (such as a strong wind) stirs them. This kind of stratification (layering) reduces the mixing of oxygen-rich surface waters and nutrient-rich bottom water. Thus, water at different depths will have different chemistries and abilities to support plant and animal life.” “By studying water chemistry differences within the lake we learn how algal blooms, increases in precipitation and nutrient concentrations eventually affect the sediment chemistry. This information guides our interpretations of past changes.” “Water samples at specific depths are collected using van Dorn or Kemmerer-style bottles. The bottle is an open tu