k i n436 a spring2008- california state university, los angeles（我n436一spring2008 -加利福尼亚州立大学，洛杉矶）.docVIP

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k i n436 a spring2008- california state university, los angeles（我n436一spring2008 -加利福尼亚州立大学，洛杉矶）.doc

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k i n436 a spring2008- california state university, los angeles（我n436一spring2008 -加利福尼亚州立大学，洛杉矶）

KIN 436A Spring 2008 Gait Training Gait Training Step cycle Swing: airborne phase mostly flexor muscles activate to bring leg forward Early or Initial Swing: flex hip, knee and ankle lifts foot off ground Mid Swing: when maximum knee flexion occurs Late or Terminal Swing: flex hip, extend knee and ankle to bring foot forward and prepare for foot contact (heel strike) Stance: weight bearing phase of stepping where mostly extensor muscles are active to bear the weight of the body Early Stance/Loading Response: yield occurs, e.g. flex knee and ankle; from heel contact to opposing limb toe-off Mid Stance: period of single limb support; foot is flat on the floor Late or Terminal Stance: extend hip, knee and ankle for push off; leads to Pre-Swing Coordination In alternating walking, one leg is in stance, while the other leg is in swing, e.g. when left leg is in early swing the right leg is in early stance Reflexes help to coordinate the leg movements Hip extension reflex: when leg extends in late stance, flexor muscles are activated to initiate the swing phase Heel strike reflexes: when the foot contacts ground, extensor muscles are activated in that leg to bear the weight of the body and simultaneously, flexor muscles in the opposite leg are activated to initiate swing Common gait problems Foot drop or drag: occurs during swing and results from insufficient flexion and/or insufficient extension in opposite leg Inability to bear full weight of the body on one leg, leading to shortened stance periods, which results from insufficient extensor muscle strength Scissoring pattern: due to muscle weakness, muscle tightness or impaired motor control Foot slap: inability of ankle dorsiflexors to oppose plantar flexors Shortened step length: due to decreased strength/ROM in hip/knee flexors, decreased motor control Factors affecting gait performance: Musculoskeletal – weakness, contractures, pain Neurological – paresis/paralysis, abnormal tone, impaired motor control, in