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magnitude9 -拉蒙特–多尔蒂地球天文台（ magnitude9- lamont– doherty earth observatory）.doc

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magnitude9 -拉蒙特–多尔蒂地球天文台（ magnitude9- lamont– doherty earth observatory）

Review of the Source Characteristics of the Great Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake of 2004 by William Menke, Hannah Abend, Dalia Bach, Kori Newman Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University Palisades NY 10964 USA and Vadim Levin Department of Geology, Rutgers University Wright Geological Laboratory, 610 Taylor Road, Busch Campus, Piscataway, NJ 08854 Accepted in Surveys in Geophysics (Version 3, August 30 2006) Abstract. The December 26, 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Island earthquake, which ruptured the Sunda Trench subduction zone, is one of the three largest earthquakes to occur since global monitoring began in the 1890’s. Its seismic moment was M0 = 1.00(1023 ??1.15(1023 N-m, corresponding to a moment-magnitude of Mw=9.3. The rupture propagated from south to north, with the southerly part of fault rupturing at a speed of 2.8 km/s. Rupture propagation appears to have slowed in the northern section, possibly to ~2.1 km/s, although published estimates have considerable scatter. The average slip is ~5 meters along a shallowly-dipping (8(), N31(W striking thrust fault. The majority of slip and moment release appears to have been concentrated in the southern part of the rupture zone, where slip locally exceeded 30 meters. Stress loading from this earthquake caused the section of the plate boundary immediately to the south to rupture in a second, somewhat smaller earthquake. This second earthquake occurred on March 28, 2005 and had a moment magnitude of Mw=8.5. Introduction The Mw=9.3 December 26, 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Island earthquake is the largest earthquake since the moment-magnitude Mw=9.6 1960 Chile and the Mw=9.4 1964 Alaska earthquakes occurred more than thirty years ago (Stein and Okal, 2005; Tsai et al., 2005; Okal, personal communication, 2005). The earthquake occurred in a complex tectonic region, along the boundaries of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates, the Sunda and Burma microplates and the Andaman sub-plate (Figure 1). It ruptu