改变 scenarioin 印度社会集 upin21st 世纪（ changing scenarioin indian social set-upin21st century）.docVIP

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改变 scenarioin 印度社会集 upin21st 世纪（ changing scenarioin indian social set-upin21st century）.doc

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Changing Scenario in Indian Social Set-up in 21st Century Mrs. Kiran Bishnoi , Lecturer G.V.College of Education (CTE), Sangaria The Indian society, in fact, exhibits considerable variations between regions, between classes, between rural and urban areas and finally, between different ethnic religious, and caste groups. That may be called a heap of micro-regions and sub-cultures and differences between which are quite crucial from sociological angles. Furthermore, the differences are also discernible with respect to the level of female literacy, sex ratio, age at marriage of girls, incidence of dissolution of marriage, household size, female workforce participation rate, marital practices, gender relations and authority structure within the family. Diversities inherent in Indian society are also reflected in the plurality of family types. It would be noticed from the subsequent discussion that the magnitude of changes that the Indian family has experienced over a period of a centaury appears to be far greater than the expectations of Indian sociologists and anthropologists. The virtual disappearance of traditional joint family from the urban scene, increase in the life expectancy of women from 23 years in 1901-10 to 65 years (it is higher than that of men by three years) in 2009, rise in the proportion of female headed households, decrease in the average age of household heads, increase in the incidence of separation and divorce, greater tension and conflicts between wife and husband, parents and sons and between brothers, increased freedom of marital choice, passing of child marriages, shrinking of kinship ties continuous consultations between sons and parents on familial matters, greater involvement of females in decision making process, increase in the mean age at marriage of female from 13 years in 1901 to 18.3 years in 2001, rise in the level of female education, decline in total fertility rate from 4.9 in 1971 to 2.76 in 2009 are concrete and clinching evi