辐射传输理论和微波（ radiative transfer theoryat opticaland microwave）.docVIP

Radiative Transfer Theory at Optical and Microwave wavelengths applied to vegetation canopies: Part 1 P. Lewis P. Saich, RSU, Dept. Geography, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AP, UK. Email: plewis@geog.ucl.ac.uk, psaich@geog.ucl.ac.uk 1. Introduction 1.1 Aim and Scope of these Notes The purpose of these notes is to introduce concepts of the radiative transfer approach to modelling scattering of electromagnetic radiation by vegetation canopies and to review alternative approaches to modelling. Whilst we concentrate on application to optical and microwave wavelengths here, the theory is also appropriate to considerations in the thermal regime. Since the underlying theory was first formulated for stellar atmospheres (Chandrasekhar, 1960) the theory is of course also applicable to modelling of atmospheric scattering. Fung (1994) presents a range of motivations for the development of theoretical models of scattering such as those presented here. These can be stated as: to assist data interpretation by permitting the calculation of the remote sensing (RS) signal as a function of fundamental biophysical variables through a consideration of the physics of scattering; to permit studies of signal sensitivity to biophysical or system parameters; to provide a tool for the interpolation or extrapolation of data; to provide ‘forward model’ simulations for deriving estimates of biophysical parameters through model inversion; to aid in experimental design. The notes are aimed at MSc students taking the University of London MSc in Remote Sensing. We have primary educational aims here of enabling students to gain an understanding of the theory and its applications and permitting students access to the vast literature in this and related areas. We aim the notes at non mathematical experts from a wide variety of disciplines who wish to develop or (more typically) use models for remote sensing applications, although some understanding of vectors,