辐射校正-北carolinaat大学（ radiometric correction- universityof north carolinaat）.docVIP

Radiometric Correction Remote sensing signals are essentially the amount of energy received at the sensor from the target in a given spectral width. However, the signals we get directly the satellite are usually noisy. The noise is usually of two types: internal and external noise. Internal noise is from the sensor and external noise from the atmosphere and the areas adjacent to the target. What we received from satellite is DN values, not the amount of radiance directly. Why? The number of DN values that a sensor can detect is called the sensor radiometric resolution. Why do the satellite send the DN values to the ground instead of radiance? The amount of energy was converted to DN value first on board the satellite as shown to the right. the detector Gain and Offset (Bias) where Spectral radiance measured over the spectral bandwidth of the channel. Gd: slope of response function Bd: Bias For Landsat 5, there are 16 detectors for each reflective band, and 4 detectors for the thermal band. For the convenience of users, the DN was calibrated (DNcal) as or so that a single gain and bias can be used for each band. For the remote sensing signals to be useful, the sensor must produce consistently the same DN at a given amount of energy received. Therefore, G and B must remain a constant for as long as the sensor is working. Each sensor on-board a satellite has been very carefully tested, and its gain and bias were accurately measured before it was put on the satellite. This is called pre-launch calibration. However, nothing is perfect, after the sensors is launched, the sensor gain and bias may change. In remote sensing, we called it sensor degradation. To trace the change of sensors on board, on-board calibration is needed. Landsat 5: on-board there are three tungsten lights whose intensity is very