Immunoglobulin—StructureandFunction.pptVIP

Immunogobulin, Ig What is Immunoglobulin? Immunoglobulins are the critical ingredients of humoral acquired immune response. The immunoglobulins are a group of glycoproteins present in the serum and tissue fluids of all mammals. Two Forms of Immunoglobulin Structural Regions hypervariable region also called Complementarity Determining Regions(CDRs), Enzymatic Digestion Products of Immunoglobulins Functions of the domains on Ig： VH, VL — antigen binding sites； CH1～3, CL — genetic markers of Ig； CH2(IgG), CH3(IgM) — C1q binding sites； CH2～CH3(IgG) — binding to placenta； CH3(IgG) — FcγR binding site； CH4(IgE) — FcεR binding site. Function of Immunoglobulins Recognition of antigen 识别抗原 Activation of complement 激活补体 Opsonization 调理作用 Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity,ADCC 抗体依赖性细胞毒作用 Mediate hypersensitivity type I 超敏反应 Immunoglobulin Classes and Subclasses Immunglobulin molecules are divided into distinct classes and subclasses in terms of the differences in amino acid sequence of constant region of heavy chain, i.e.γ,α,μ,δ,andεchains. IgG has a family of subclass, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4(cattle has no) IgA is divided into two subclasses, IgA1 and IgA2(sheep). Isotypes, Allotypes, and Idiotypes of Immunoglobulins Isotype 同种型 All the heavy chain constant region structures which give rise to classes and subclasses are expressed together in the serum of a normal subject are called Isotypic variants. Each of those is called Isotype. Allotypes 同种异型 Amino acid sequences of immunoglobulins differ from each other in a same species, and this is called inherited sequence variation. The variations in heavy chain genes are called Allotypes. Idiotypes 独特型 The variations of amino acid sequences within the variation domains on light and heavy chains are called Idiotypes. Physiology of Immunoglobulins 1. IgG(in chicken IgY): opsonization, complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediat