高电压技术教学课件作者吴广宁7.4课件.pptVIP

7.4 波在传播中的衰减与畸变 7.4 Attenuation and Distortion in Wave Propagation 波在实际线路中传播，总会发生程度不同的衰减和变形。本节主要讲两个因素对波传播的影响： Attenuation and distortion always occurs in wave propagation. This section will focus on two factors of the effects of wave propagation. 7.4.1 线路电阻和绝缘电导的影响 7.4.1 Effects of Wire Resistance and Insulation Conductance 7.4.2 冲击电晕的影响 7.4.2 Effect of Impact Corona 本节内容 Contents in this section 7.4.1 线路电阻和绝缘电导的影响 Effects of Wire Resistance and Insulation Conductance 图7-23 单根有损耗传输线的单元等值电路 Fig.7-13 Unit equivalent circuit of single-phase loss transmission wire 考虑导线电阻R0和线路对地电导G0时，单相有损传输线的单元等值电路如图7-23所示。 Considering wire resistance R0 and wire-to-ground Conductance G0, the unit equivalent circuit of single-phase loss transmission wire is shown in Figure 7-13. 线路参数满足条件 （7-41） 时，波在线路中传播只有衰减，不会变形。 While wire parameters satisfiys the above conditions, wave propagated in the transmission wire will only be attenuated but not deformed. 因为此时，波在传播过程中每单位长度线路上的磁能和电能之比，恰好等于电流波在导线电阻上的热损耗和电压波在线路电导上的热损耗之比。 Because at this time, the ratio between the magnetic energy and electric energy per unit length is just equaled to the ratio between heat loss of resistance on the current wave and heat loss of resistance on the voltage wave in the process of wave propagation. 即 所以电阻R0和电导G0的存在不致引起波传播过程中电能与磁能的相互交换，电磁波只是逐渐衰减而不至于变形。 Therefore, the exist of resistance R0 and conductance G0 do not lead to the mutually exchange of electricity and magnetic energy in wave propagation process. The electromagnetic wave is just gradual attenuated but not deformed. 式(7-42)叫做波传播的无变形条件，或叫无畸变条件。满足此条件时，电压波和电流波可以写成以下形式： Formular (7-42) is called the wave propagation in the non-deformation conditions, or non-distortion condition. If it meets this condition, the voltage wave and current wave can be written in the following forms. 式中 为衰减系数。实际输电线路并不满足上述无变形条件，因此波在传播过程中不仅会衰减，同时还会变形。此外由于集肤效应，导线电