原子structureand周期性——萨克拉门托城市大学.docVIP

Table of Contents Chapter 8 – Electron Configurations and Chemical Periodic Trends I. Electron Spin 2 The 4th Quantum number (ms) 2 Paramagnetic / Diamagnetic Behavior 2 II. Electron Configurations and Energy Diagrams 3 Energy Level Diagrams 3 Energy Levels 3 3 Principles for Order of Filling Energy Levels 4 Atomic Electron Configurations 4 Electron Configurations – Exceptions to the Rules 5 Ion Electron Configurations 6 Determining Ion Electron Configurations 6 Predicting Oxidation States 6 III. Chemical Periodic Trends 7 Effective Nuclear Charge - Zeff or Z* 8 Effective vs Inefective screening 9 Atomic Size 9 Trends in Atomic Size 10 Ionic Radii 10 Cations 10 Anions 11 Isoelectronic Species 11 Ionization Energy 12 1st Ionization Energy Ei1 12 2nd Ionization Energy Ei2 12 Trends in Ionization Energy 13 Anomolies in Ionization Energy 13 Electron Affinity 14 Chapter 8 – Electron Configurations and Chemical Periodic Trends Electron Spin The 4th Quantum number (ms) Did not come directly from the wave equation. It determines the on the electron. It can have values of or . Pictue from McMurry Fay - Spinning electrons (charged species) generate a . - When placed in a magnetic field they will align themselves either or the field. (They will be either by or to the field.) - When the first e- is assigned to an orbital, it can have either value of . - When a second electron is assigned to the same orbital, it will have the  spin. Paramagnetic / Diamagnetic Behavior When placed into a magnetic field: - Diamagnetic substances are the field and haveall . - Paramagnetic substances are the field and haveat least 1