中国immigrantsin巴西初步案例研究.docVIP

Chinese Immigrants in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and in Lima, Peru: Preliminary Case Studies In Essays on Ethnic Chinese Abroad, vol II. Women, Political Participation and Area Studies. Edited by Tsun-wu Chang Shi-yeoung Tang: pp. 355-376. Published by Overseas Chinese Association, June 2002, Taipei By Maria A. Benavides ABSTRACT This paper is based on preliminary case studies of Chinese immigrants in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and in Lima, Peru. It is part of a more extensive research project that purports to compare contemporary Chinese immigration patterns in Peru and Brazil and to evaluate the relative importance of immigration from Taiwan and Mainland China in both countries. The majority of Orientals* in Brazil have settled in Sao Paulo, the more affluent and populated State in the country. The largest number is of Japanese origin, followed by Taiwanese, many of whom migrated to Brazil in the 1960s and 1970s. The first immigration of Mainland Chinese occurred in the nineteenth century, but the largest influx was in 1949, when important industrialists from Shanghai and other Chinese cities moved their families, entire factories, and qualified personnel to Sao Paulo, where their descendants are still among the more affluent Orientals. Between 1989 and 1999, about one hundred thousand people from Mainland China have migrated to Sao Paulo. A recent amnesty has permitted the application for local residence to illegal aliens. But there are some doubts as to the legitimacy of the activities of some of the more recent Chinese immigrants. Chinese presence in Peru is of much earlier date. The nineteenth century immigration of circa one hundred thousand coolies, almost exclusively male, resulted in miscegenation with local women. The presence of settled Chinese encouraged the immigration of younger relatives, and this chain of events has continued to the present. Many recent immigrants regard Lima as a stepping stove: after obtaining Peruvian citizenship and passpo