ppt课件-4thecardiovascularsystem-schoolofbiologicalsciences.pptVIP

4 The Cardiovascular System Vascular Function Curves Flow versus driving force Changes in the VR/MAP curve with change in TPR and blood volume Flow versus venous pressure Understanding the vascular function curve with respect to RAP Now look back at the curve of VR versus RAP, and remember that CO=VR Changes in the VR/RAP curve with change in TPR Blood-volume changes move the VR/RAP curve right or left Integration of the cardiac and vascular function curves Some definitions for the CV system model System Properties TPR Blood volume/Venous capacitance Cardiac functionality (inotropic state, HR) System Variables RAP MAP CO The RAP curves The MAP curves Using the model The model can be used to predict the effects on system variables of any change or set of changes in system properties. These would include changes imposed from outside (disease, therapeutic drugs, toxins), changes in physical activity levels, and reflexive responses to homeostatic challenge. For example, the following situations can be modeled: The onset of hemorrhagic shock and the reflexive response to it chronic heart disease Effects of epinephrine and other cardiotonic drugs Effects of vasoconstrictor or vasodilator drugs exercise Some of these situations will be modeled in class (be there or be square!) – some will be assigned for you to model. System Responses to Stress and Disease Hemodynamic changes in response to hemorrhage Irreversible Hemorrhagic Shock If the immediate responses were inadequate, a rapid positive-feedback cycle would cause hemorrhagic shock. Cardiac depression: heart fails to pump enough blood to meet the needs of itself and the CNS, leading to Vasomotor Failure: depressed blood flow to brain is the most potent of sympathetic stimulants, but after a few minutes of depressed blood flow, sympathetic outflow drops and those arterioles that had been constricted by their adrenergic inputs then dilate, causing a collapse of MAP. Hemodynamic changes during exercise How is a 3X incr