ppt课件-disasterexposurethefourr’s-universityofpittsburgh.pptVIP

Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory Photo image area measures 2” H x 6.93” W and can be masked by a collage strip of one, two or three images. The photo image area is located 3.19” from left and 3.81” from top of page. Each image used in collage should be reduced or cropped to a maximum of 2” high, stroked with a 1.5 pt white frame and positioned edge-to-edge with accompanying images. Disaster Exposure: The Four R’s Daniel A. Vallero, Ph.D. National Exposure Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency * Risk Assessment: Risk assessment* is a process where information is analyzed to determine if an environmental hazard might cause harm to exposed persons and ecosystems. Many decisions are made based on risk at various stages of a disaster: rescue, recovery, re-entry and re-habitation. * “Risk Assessment in the Federal Government” (National Research Council, 1983) * In exposure, time is of the essence… Short-term exposures can be accompanied by chronic effects…. * Time Quality of Information to Protect Public and First Responders Vary by Stage: Rescue Recovery Re-entry Re-habitation Exposure Time Time Time Time * Rescue Lesson learned: ORD part of overall team to protect public health Portable, state of the art equipment and expertise provided to first responders “Research” focus needs immediacy…. Same tools often applied, but at higher levels of detection and more immediate reporting Crime scene, forensics and rescue efforts have primacy Responder protection is also crucial Proper respirators and personal protection EPA takes respirator use very seriously…. Protocols Very different from “environmental exposures” e.g. levels of dioxins and benzene to protect firefighters with PPE much higher than a person without protection exposed for 30 years * Recovery Somewhat more time to consider potential public exposures… … but still working under f