ppt课件-dna.ppt-biologyresources.pptVIP

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Answer Answer * 1 DNA stands for deoxyribose nucleic acid This chemical substance is present in the nucleus of all cells in all living organisms DNA controls all the chemical changes which take place in cells The kind of cell which is formed, (muscle, blood, nerve etc) is controlled by DNA The kind of organism which is produced (buttercup, giraffe, herring, human etc) is controlled by DNA DNA 2 DNA is a very large molecule made up of a long chain of sub-units The sub-units are called nucleotides Each nucleotide is made up of a sugar called deoxyribose a phosphate group -PO4 and an organic base DNA molecule 3 Ribose is a sugar, like glucose, but with only five carbon atoms in its molecule Deoxyribose is almost the same but lacks one oxygen atom Both molecules may be represented by the symbol Ribose deoxyribose 4 The most common organic bases are Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) The bases 5 The deoxyribose, the phosphate and one of the bases adenine deoxyribose PO4 Combine to form a nucleotide Nucleotides 6 A molecule of DNA is formed by millions of nucleotides joined together in a long chain PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 sugar-phosphate backbone + bases Joined nucleotides 7 In fact, the DNA usually consists of a double strand of nucleotides The sugar-phosphate chains are on the outside and the strands are held together by chemical bonds between the bases 8 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 2-stranded DNA 9 The bases always pair up in the same way Adenine forms a bond with Thymine and Cytosine bonds with Guanine Bonding 1 10 Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine PO4 PO4 PO4 thymine PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 adenine cytosine PO4 guanine Bonding 2 11 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 Pairing up 12 The paired strands are coiled into a spiral called A DOUBLE HELIX 13 sugar-phosphate chain bases THE DOUBLE HELIX 14 A DIY model ofpart of a DNA mo